{"id":2302,"date":"2017-11-30T21:12:04","date_gmt":"2017-11-30T21:12:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/news.medicalmarijuanainc.com\/?p=29740"},"modified":"2017-11-30T21:12:04","modified_gmt":"2017-11-30T21:12:04","slug":"terpenes-terpenoids-matter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/medicalmarijuanainc.com\/2017\/11\/30\/terpenes-terpenoids-matter\/","title":{"rendered":"What Are Terpenes and Terpenoids and Do They Matter?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Learn about terpenes and terpenoids, and how they play a significant role in the potential therapeutic applications of cannabis.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Terpenes and terpenoids are the compounds in cannabis that give the plants and their flowers their aromatic diversity and distinct flavors. They\u2019re essential oils that are secreted in cannabis flower\u2019s sticky resin glands, where cannabinoids like<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/medicalmarijuanainc.com\/differences-cbd-thc\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are also produced.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While regular cannabis consumers take note of terpenes and terpenoids primarily because of their pungent, aromatic distinctions, the compounds offer more than an intense bouquet. According to a<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3165946\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2001 report<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> from renowned researcher Dr. Ethan Russo, terpenes have wide-ranging therapeutic attributes.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Over 200 different terpenes and terpenoids have so far been identified in the cannabis plant, although they\u2019re not unique to cannabis. They exist throughout the botanical world and are found in many other plants, herbs, and fruits. Common in the human diet, terpenes are<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/scripts\/cdrh\/cfdocs\/cfcfr\/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=178.3930\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">recognized as safe to consume<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by the United States Food and Drug Administration.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Terpenes and Terpenoids: What\u2019s the Difference?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Terpenes and terpenoids are essentially one in the same and the two terms are often used interchangeably. The difference between the two is that terpenes are organic hydrocarbons, while terpenoids contain additional atoms that have been altered during a process called oxidation, which occurs once cannabis has been dried and cured. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To simplify, think of terpenes as \u201cwet\u201d and terpenoids as \u201cdried out.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Why Terpenes and Terpenoids are Important<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Like cannabinoids, terpenes bind to receptors in the brain to stimulate various effects and affect the chemical output of neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin. Among the<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1300\/J175v01n03_08\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">wide-ranging effects<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of terpenes that researchers have so far discovered include: <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reducing inflammation<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/037887419190187I?via%3Dihub\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Relieving pain<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aiding with sleep<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Evidence also suggests that<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3165946\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">terpenes work with cannabinoids<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> like<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/medicalmarijuanainc.com\/what-is-cbd-hemp-oil\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CBD<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and THC to enhance their natural balancing properties in what\u2019s referred to as an \u201c<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/medicalmarijuanainc.com\/can-hemp-oil-provide-entourage-effect\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">entourage effect<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The entourage effect,<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0014299998003926\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">introduced in 1998<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by Israeli researchers Shimon Ben-Shabat and Raphael Mechoulam, maintains that all the natural constituents found in cannabis \u2013 terpenes, cannabinoids, and natural other compounds \u2013 work together synergistically to magnify their beneficial properties. The<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1300\/J175v01n03_08\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">theory<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> suggests that isolated cannabis compounds aren\u2019t as effective as when all the natural constituents work together harmoniously.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-29743\" src=\"https:\/\/www.medicalmarijuanainc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/iStock-867506620-1024x427.jpg\" alt=\"what are cannabis terpenes\" width=\"640\" height=\"267\" \/><\/p>\n<h2><b>Most Common Terpenes Found in Cannabis<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Each strain of cannabis has a unique terpene profile, producing its own distinct line-up and concentration of terpenes. Here\u2019s a look at five terpenes that occur most commonly in the greatest concentrations in cannabis.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Myrcene<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Described as having a musky, clove, or earthy aroma, myrcene is the<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.internationalhempassociation.org\/jiha\/jiha4208.html\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">most abundant<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> terpene produced by cannabis, sometimes composing up to 50 percent of the plant\u2019s terpene volume. Myrcene, or \u03b2-myrcene, produces what is considered the stereotypical smell of cannabis. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When myrcene levels in cannabis are high, they\u2019re responsible for eliciting the common \u201ccouch-lock\u201d euphoric effect, or a strong sense of sedation. A<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.aromaticscience.com\/the-effect-of-a-minor-constituent-of-essential-oil-from-citrus-aurantium-the-role-of-%CE%B2-myrcene-in-preventing-peptic-ulcer-disease\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2014 study<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> also found evidence that myrcene has anti-ulcer properties. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Myrcene is commonly found in other plants such as: <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mango <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lemongrass <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thyme <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hops <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Eucalyptus<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Limonene<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cannabis varieties that are high in the terpene limonene have a strong citrusy smell like orange or lime. Highly absorbed by inhalation, limonene promotes a general uplift in attitude and mood, and it assists in the absorption of other terpenes through the skin. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/vitamins-supplements\/ingredientmono-1105-limonene.aspx?activeingredientid=1105&amp;amp;activeingredientname=limonene\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">WebMD<\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, limonene may block cancer-forming chemicals and kill cancer cells, though<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">more research is still needed. Limonene is also found in: <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The peels of citrus fruits <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rosemary <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Juniper <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Peppermint<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pinene<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are actually two types of the terpene pinene &#8212; alpha and beta. The alpha variety, found in pine woods and balsamic resin, produces a scent of pine needles or fir. The beta type, found in a variety of herbs, smells like dill, parsley, rosemary, or basil. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Studies indicate that pinene possesses<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2011.01238.x\/abstract\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">anti-inflammatory<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/12122569\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">bronchodilator<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> effects. At least<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1347861315000110\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">one study<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> suggests pinene has anticancer activity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Caryophyllene<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The only terpene known to interact with the endocannabinoid system, caryophyllene produces a scent that\u2019s been described as peppery, woody, or spicy. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Studies show that<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3312970\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">caryophyllene binds to the cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><sub>2<\/sub><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to elicit an anti-inflammatory response. When administered with cannabinoids, particularly CBD, it\u2019s shown to<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3820295\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">safely reduce chronic pain<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Caryophyllene is also found in: <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thai basil <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cinnamon <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Black pepper <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Linalool<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Found in over 200 plant species and most abundant in lavender, linalool has a floral aroma and has been known to<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4594031\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> promote calming, relaxing effects<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. It\u2019s known best as a<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0003267097006399\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">beneficial sleep aid<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and a precursor in the formation of vitamin E. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Studies also indicate that linalool may<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1567576915301089\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">significantly reduce lung inflammation<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> caused by smoking as well as<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/europepmc.org\/abstract\/med\/26549854\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">potentially reverse<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the histopathological hallmarks of Alzheimer\u2019s disease.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Learn More About Cannabis<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thousands of studies have been done examining the potential therapeutic benefits of cannabis. You can learn more about the many benefits of cannabis and<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/medicalmarijuanainc.com\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">medical marijuana<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by visiting our<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/medicalmarijuanainc.com\/education\/\"> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">education page<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Learn about terpenes and terpenoids, and how they play a significant role in the potential therapeutic applications of cannabis.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2304,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7,38],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2302","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cannabis-101","category-the-plant"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What Are Terpenes and Terpenoids and Do They Matter? 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